Mischna
Mischna

Kommentar zu Bava Batra 2:1

לֹא יַחְפֹּר אָדָם בּוֹר סָמוּךְ לְבוֹרוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, וְלֹא שִׁיחַ, וְלֹא מְעָרָה, וְלֹא אַמַּת הַמַּיִם, וְלֹא נִבְרֶכֶת כּוֹבְסִין, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הִרְחִיק מִכֹּתֶל חֲבֵרוֹ שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים, וְסָד בְּסִיד. מַרְחִיקִין אֶת הַגֶּפֶת וְאֶת הַזֶּבֶל וְאֶת הַמֶּלַח וְאֶת הַסִּיד וְאֶת הַסְּלָעִים מִכָּתְלוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים, וְסָד בְּסִיד. מַרְחִיקִין אֶת הַזְּרָעִים, וְאֶת הַמַּחֲרֵשָׁה, וְאֶת מֵי רַגְלַיִם מִן הַכֹּתֶל שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים. וּמַרְחִיקִין אֶת הָרֵחַיִם שְׁלשָׁה מִן הַשֶּׁכֶב, שֶׁהֵן אַרְבָּעָה מִן הָרָכֶב. וְאֶת הַתַּנוּר, שְׁלשָׁה מִן הַכִּלְיָא, שֶׁהֵן אַרְבָּעָה מִן הַשָּׂפָה:

Man darf weder einen Bor [(rund)] in der Nähe des Bor seines Nachbarn graben, noch einen Shiach [(lang und schmal)], noch eine Ma'arah [(überdacht)], noch einen Wasserkanal, noch einen Waschteich [a quadratische Grube, in der Regenwasser zum Waschen von Kleidung gesammelt wird], es sei denn, er entfernt es drei Handbreiten von der Wand seines Nachbarn [dh von der Wand seines Lochs. Und die Dicke der Wand eines Lochs beträgt nicht weniger als drei Handbreiten, so dass der Abstand von seinem Loch zu dem seines Nachbarn sechs Handbreiten beträgt. Und man darf einen der "Dämpfer" nicht neben die Grenze seines Nachbarn stellen, es sei denn, er entfernt ihn in der erforderlichen Entfernung, auch wenn dort keine Mauer vorhanden ist, damit sein Nachbar sich nicht entscheidet, dort zu bauen, und er ihm Schaden zufügt.] Und er beschichtet [ die Wände seines Lochs] mit Kalk. Man entfernt Torf mit Olivenschalen, Mist, Salz und Limette und Feuerstein drei Handbreiten von der Wand seines Nachbarn. [Für all diese "untergraben" Sie eine Mauer. (Die "Wand" hier ist nicht die eines Lochs.)] Man entfernt das Säen, Pflügen und Urinieren von drei Handbreiten von einer Wand. [("Pflügen" :) Pflügen auch ohne Aussaat (wie wenn man nach Bäumen pflügt) untergräbt eine Mauer. ("Urin"): Erodiert Ziegel, die aus getrocknetem Ton bestehen. Wenn man also in der Nähe einer Mauer uriniert, muss man drei Handbreiten zurückbewegen. Bei einer Steinmauer genügt eine Handbreite; und mit hartem Stein wie Granit muss er sich überhaupt nicht zurückbewegen.] Und eine Mühle muss entfernt werden (von einer Wand). [(Sein "Rasseln" untergräbt das Fundament der Mauer)] drei (Handbreiten) vom Shechev (dem unteren Teil), die vier vom Rechev (dem oberen Teil) sind. [Der Rechev "reitet" auf dem Shechev und ist eine Handbreite schmaler.] Und ein Ofen (muss entfernt werden) drei von der Kilya, die vier von der Oberfläche sind. [Die Kilya ist die Basis aus Ton und Steinen, auf die der Ofen gestellt wird. Es ist unten breit und oben schmal. Die Oberseite der Kilya, auf die der Ofen gestellt ist, hat die gleiche Breite wie der Ofen. Diese Basis muss drei Handbreiten von der Wand entfernt werden, vier Handbreiten von der Oberseite, da die Hitze des Ofens die Wand beschädigt.]

Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

לא יחפור. בור – round.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra

One may not dig a cistern near his fellow’s cistern;
Nor may he dig a ditch, cave, water-channel, or laundry pool unless it is three handbreadths away from his fellow’s wall, and he must plaster it with lime.
They distance piles of olive refuse, manure, salt, lime or stones three handbreadths from his fellow’s wall, and he plasters it with lime.
They distance seeds, and a plow and urine three handbreadths from the wall.
And they distance the mill [from the wall]: three [handbreadths] from the lower millstone and four [handbreadths] from the upper millstone.
And [they distance] the oven [from the wall]: three from the belly of the oven and four from the rim of the oven.

Most of the second chapter of Bava Batra deals with the obligations to distance damaging things from another person’s property. Mishnah one deals with distancing things from a person’s wall lest they damage the wall.
Section one states that a person should not dig a cistern close to another person’s cistern since one cistern may cause the other to break. A cistern is where they would store collected rain water, as opposed to a well which collects water from underground.
The remainder of the mishnah deals with distancing things from another person’s wall, lest they cause damage to the wall. The items mentioned in section two may cause the wall to fall, therefore he must distance them three handbreadths and plaster them to prevent water from seeping out.
The items mentioned in section three also may cause damage to another person’s wall and therefore he must distance them and plaster the place in which he places them.
Section four deals with three more items which also must be kept three handbreadths away from another person’s wall: seeds, a plow and urine. The difference between these items and those mentioned previously is that plastering is not applicable in these cases.
Sections five and six mention large items, a mill and an oven which also must be distanced from another’s wall. In both of these cases there are different measurements given for different parts of the item.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

שיח – long or short
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

מערה – it is covered with an arched ceiling.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

נברכת הכובסין – a square pit. And rain waters gather in it as it is made to launder clothing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

אלא אם כן הרחיק מכותלו – it is saying from the wall of his cistern. And the thickness of the wall of his cistern is not less than three handbreadths, it is found that from the cavity/space of his cistern to the cavity/space of his fellow’s cistern is six handbreadths. But it is prohibited for a person to rely upon one of the damages to the end of his boundary equally, other than if he distanced it the appropriate measurement, even though his fellow lacks a wall there, lest his fellow decide that he will build on the side of his boundary, and it is found that this causes damage.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

וסד בסיד – the walls of his pit.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

הגפת – the refuse of the olives after they were gathered together in the olive press.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

הסלעים – stones where the light comes out from them, for all of these are hard for the fortification and weaken the wall, and we are not referring to the wall of the cistern now.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

זרעים – they are hard for the wall for they undermine the grounds (through their roots – see Talmud Bava Batra 19b) and bring up crushed, loose earth.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

ואת המחרישה – even though there are no seeds, as, for example, when they plow for trees, it is hard for the wall.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

מי רגלים – they make loathsome the bricks which are of dry plaster. Therefore, someone who urinates close by the wall that is made of bricks needs to distance himself three handbreadths. But with a wall of stones, he distances himself a handbreadth, and of a hard stone such as granite, he does not have to distance himself at all.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

הריחים – they are hard on the wall because they shake the ground with the force of its rolling.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

מן השכב – from the lower millstone.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

הרכב – this is the upper one that rides on this. But it is shorter by a handbreadth of the lower one.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

שלשה מן הכליא – the base upon which they build from plaster/clay and stones that they place the oven upon it, and It is wide from the bottom and narrow from the top, and upper rim of the belly of the stove is where the stove sits. It is like the measurement of the oven and one must distance the base from the wall three handbreadths from its underbelly, which are four [handbreadths] from the its upper rim, because the vapor of the oven damages the wall.
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Yachin on Mishnah Bava Batra

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Yachin on Mishnah Bava Batra

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